Blogextreme29

-->

Note

Visit AdbDriver and download ADB Driver Installer to your computer, then follow steps below. Make sure you have USB debugging enabled in your Android device. For this: Go to Settings About phone, and then tap “Build number” 7 times. Go back to Settings, then choose “Developer options”. Chargers,Versatile charging options can power your workforce, with help of state-of-the-art IMPRES™ technology, which provides unique battery-charging and reconditioning solutions. Updated February 2020. When you become an Uber driver or a Lyft driver, you’re taking part in one of the best ways to earn extra money in the sharing economy.And since you spend several hours a day in your car, there are various items you should always have on hand to make sure you and your passengers are safe and comfortable. For sale: 2011 Dodge Charger Front Door (Options: Driver Side). Make sure to select the applicable option(s) of your vehicle. We carry 52 items in stock with the selected specification. Our Front Door comes with 1-year warranty, FREE shipping and 30-day money back guarantee. 52 items in stock and available for immediate shipping!

Some information relates to pre-released product which may be substantially modified before it's commercially released.Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, with respect to the information provided here.

Introduction

The goal of this topic is to introduce Software Defined Batteries (SDB), describe Windows SDB architecture and detail the Windows API and DDI contracts for this feature.

The topic starts by introducing the Simple Age Balancing SDB algorithm for a hypothetical two battery system. This is followed by architecture layout and API contract needed to implement the SDB algorithm.

Nomenclature

• BattC - Battery class driver

• CAD - The Charge Arbitration Driver (CAD) is a Microsoft driver that arbitrates power between USB Legacy, USB Type-C and wireless charging sources

• Cold Swappable Batteries - Batteries that cannot be removed from the system without a risk of brownouts or total power failure

• Cycle Count - The number of full charge-discharge cycles undergone by the battery, as described in the ACPI specification

• Hot Swappable Batteries - Batteries that can be safely removed while the system is in operation, without any risk of brownouts

• HPMI - Hardware Power Manager Interface

• Non-Hot Swappable Batteries - One or more Cold Swappable and Non-Swappable Batteries installed in the system

• Non-Swappable Batteries - Batteries that are not designed and meant to be removed by the end user

SDB Overview

The MSR research paper on Software Defined Batteries can be found here: https://www.microsoft.com/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/multibattery_sosp2015.pdf.

This topic reprises select ideas described in this paper and presents them with a view of productizing software based battery age balancing feature in laptops and other mobile devices.

Imagine a two battery system. Where one battery is a non removable battery, situated next to the SOC – let’s call this internal battery. The other battery is hot swappable battery, situated next to a removable keyboard – let’s call this external battery.

A Multi-Battery System

As the keyboard is attached-detached over a period of time, it forces the two batteries to age differently. This creates a scope for age balancing the batteries and prolonging system usability period by employing the SDB simple age balancing algorithm.

Simple Age Balancing SDB Algorithm

The algorithm is called simple age balancing because it attempts to balance the battery age. The simple age balancing algorithm causes the system to prefer discharging the battery that has aged the least. A battery that has accrued lesser cycle counts not only has higher capacity to hold power, but also generally more efficient in delivering the power. Thereby prolonging the time that the system can sustain on batteries.

Simple Age Balancing SDB Algorithm

The core idea behind the simple age balancing algorithm is to simply use the battery that has accrued least battery cycle counts, as depicted by decision box (2) in the flowchart above. The hypothetical system in this example, allows for exclusive use of either internal or external batteries. However, this may not be true for all the systems. Other systems may not be as flexible or may have electrical constraints on use of batteries. In such cases the algorithm expects a best attempt of age balancing. For example consider the following.

1. A system that is unable to sustain power exclusively on the external battery (may be because the external battery is designed to be only a supplementary power source). This system may implement the simple age balancing algorithm by simultaneously discharging both the internal and external batteries in process block (A) in the above flowchart.

2. A system that requires the external battery be used whenever it is present (may be because of the additional power draw associated with keeping the removable keyboard powered up): This system may implement the simple age balancing algorithm by simultaneously discharging both the internal and external batteries in process block (B) in the above flowchart.

The simple age balancing algorithm may be put to use only when there is enough charge present in the internal and external batteries to run the system, decision box (1) depicts this condition check in the above flowchart. For example (again going back to the hypothetical system) if the external battery has no charge in it, there is no scope for age balancing the batteries and the decision box (1) would result in “NO” branch.

The OEM is free to choose the constraints and conditions when the simple age balancing algorithm is not put into effect, besides when either internal or external batteries are out of power. For example the OEM may choose to not perform any age balancing when:

1. The SOC/Processor is running in high performance mode
2. The system is thermally unstable

When the simple age balancing algorithm is not put in use (because of one or more conditions described above), the logic will revert back to OEM’s proprietary battery usage policy as depicted by process box (3) in the above flowchart. Process box (3) is the logic OEM would have put into effect if SDB was not supported.

Adapting SDB Algorithm for use with Hot Swappable Batteries

The simple age balancing SDB algorithm attempts to use the battery that is healthiest, although this strategy is works well to improve the long term battery life, it may severely impact the short term usability of the system as described in the following scenario.

In the two battery system described above, consider the following situation:

1. The user is expected to use the system long enough until charge in both internal and external Batteries is exhausted.

2. The external battery has aged more compared to the internal battery.

When the simple age balancing algorithm is exercised on this system it will attempt to deplete the charge stored in the internal battery first (based on condition #1 and #2 listed above). When user decides to detach the external battery after a while, it would result in a bad user experience because the battery capacity made available for use would dramatically decrease once external battery is detached as the internal battery would be used up.

On a non-SDB system, this problem generally does not occur, because in most cases the external battery is depleted before the internal battery is put to use.

It is therefore desired to selectively disable the simple age balancing algorithm when above scenario is likely to happen.

To summarize, whenever the user is expected to use the system for long duration with external battery removed, it is optimal to disable the SDB Algorithm and revert to using the OEM battery usage policy (which generally favors using the external battery first).

Windows calculates the battery availability and produces a “Preserve Non-Hot Swappable Batteries” hint. When this hint is consumed by the SDB algorithm, as depicted by the decision box (X) in the following flow diagram.

Simple Age Balancing SDB Algorithm Adapted for Hot Swappable Batteries

Implementing SDB Algorithm in Firmware

This section depicts the full battery discharge control logic implemented in the system firmware. This builds on the battery age balancing logic described above to demonstrate how an existing multi-battery discharge logic (marked in (Y) block) would be incorporated with it.

Note that this is not a prescription of how the SDB algorithm should be implemented by the OEMs, but rather a comprehensive example for the simplistic, hypothetical, multi-battery device described in this section that is used to illustrate SDB behavior.

Full Firmware Implemenation of Simple Age Balancing SDB Algorithm

Power Stack Architecture

This section describes the component layout for all components participating in the power stack and their relative relationship with each other.

Battery Miniport

The battery miniport interfaces remain the same.

SDB interfaces do not affect or influence OEM’s desire to rely on ACPI/CmBatt mechanism or to develop their proprietary miniport.

Note: Windows forwards all IOCTL_BATTERY_SET_INFORMATION commands to all battery devices enumerated on the system.

HPMI

The Hardware Power Manager Interface (HPMI), is a new component introduced in the power stack.

HPMI is a driver developed and owned by the OEM/device manufacturer.

HPMI has intimate knowledge of the underlying hardware configuration and state, and has access to the system firmware.

To implement the SDB feature, the HPMI driver will:

1. Register itself with Windows.
2. Advertise SDB Support.
3. Consume SDB control parameters provided by Windows.

Multi-battery systems that support SDB are required to implement HPMI interface going forward. The HPMI API protocol is a new standard for implementing multiple battery systems.

There are plans so that in the future, HPMI will be updated to support other charging, discharging and charge management functions.

Driver Characteristics

No more than one instance of HPMI driver should be present on a system.HPMI may be implemented as either a user mode or a kernel mode driver.

Installation

HPMI may be manifested as either an ACPI device or be root enumerated by one of the other OEM services/drivers at the discretion of the OEM.

Implementation of SDB Algorithm

The following diagram illustrates two examples of how the SDB algorithm may be implemented if the firmware component already hosts bulk of battery control logic.

HPMI Implements SDB Algorithm

HPMI may choose to implement the SDB Algorithm, this will require HPMI to forward charge/discharge hints to the firmware.

Firmware Implements SDB Algorithm

Alternatively, HPMI may act as a forwarder and simply forward the Windows battery utilization hints to the firmware where SDB Algorithm is implemented, as depicted in the above figure. The use of this model is recommended for following reasons:

1. The information needed to implement the SDB algorithm is readily available – there is no need to pass this information up to HPMI

2. SDB algorithm is an extension to discharge logic already implemented in the multi battery systems

A full flow-chart model depicting how SDB Algorithm is implemented is shown in Implementing SDB Algorithm in Firmware.

Interface Definitions

A new Device Interface Class GUID for HPMI device is introduced. HPMI device must identify itself as implementing the Device Interface Classes. For more information, see Using Device Interfaces in the WDK.

Windows uses the device arrival notification for querying and configuring the HPMI device.

HPMI should be able to services multiple simultaneous IOCTL calls.

Note that the device index should be set to zero.

Feature Discovery

IOCTL_HPMI_QUERY_CAPABILITIES is used to discover features supported by HPMI. IOCTL_HPMI_QUERY_CAPABILITIES is a required IOCTL.

Windows will issue this IOCL to HPMI once after a new HPMI driver instance is discovered.

Command Format

Windows issues this IOCTL with HPMI_QUERY_CAPABILITIES.

The Version is set to HPMI_QUERY_CAPABILITIES_VERSION_1.

Response Format

HPMI must return STATUS_SUCCESS code.

HPMI responds by setting the following values in HPMI_QUERY_CAPABILITIES_RESPONSE struct:

• Version is set to HPMI_QUERY_CAPABILITIES_RESPONSE_VERSION_1
• RequestService is set to HPMI_REQUEST_SERVICE_BATTERY_UTILIZATION_HINTS to ensure HPMI driver receives IOCTL_HPMI_BATTERY_UTILIZATION_HINT.
• SdbCapabilities is set to HPMI_CAPABILITY_SDB_OEM_SIMPLE_AGE_BALANCING to indicate battery age balancing support.

Battery Utilization

Windows issues IOCTL_HPMI_BATTERY_UTILIZATION_HINT to HPMI to provide most updated battery utilization hints. IOCTL_HPMI_BATTERY_UTILIZATION_HINT is a required IOCTL.

HPMI may utilize the PreserveNonHotSwappableBatteries hint as described in Adapting SDB Algorithm for use with Hot Swappable Batteries to conserve the internal batteries.

Command Format

Windows issues this IOCTL with HPMI_BATTERY_UTILIZATION_HINT. Version is set to HPMI_BATTERY_UTILIZATION_HINT_VERSION_1.

PreserveNonHotSwappableBatteries is set to one of the following values:

• HpmiBoolUnavailable: Set when no battery utilization hint can be provided. As a response, HPMI/Fimware should generally engage the defacto discharge policies.
• HpmiBoolFalse: Set when Windows determines an opportune time for battery age balancing to occur.
• HpmiBoolTrue: Set when Windows determines need to conserve the energy stored in the internal batteries.

Response Format

HPMI must return STATUS_SUCCESS code.

No data is returned in the response.

Sample Interface Contract

Refer to HMPI.h for a full (sample) API contract for the interface definitions described here.

Note

Contents of this document are subject to change without notice.

The USB-A and USB-B connection types are what most users are accustomed to. However, these days, there are more things you can achieve with the new USB-C type of connection. With this option, users can charge their computer. What’s more, they can also connect their PC to other USB-C type devices, including media players, smartphones, docking stations, and display adapters, among others.

However, we are aware that a good percentage of users are having troubles with their USB-C connection. In most cases, the problems are caused by problems with the hardware or software. Don’t worry because you can easily fix USB-C issues in a Windows 10 computer. After all. You will get notifications which you can use to determine how to resolve the problem.

What is a USB-C connector?

Developed by the USB Implementers Forum, the USB-C connection type is a tool for transmitting both power and data. It is worth noting that this was designed, certified, and released as an industry-standard connector by the members of the organization. Over 700 companies are part of the USB Implementers Forum, including Apple, Microsoft, Dell, HP, Intel, and Samsung. This is also the reason why many computer manufacturers readily accepted USB-C technology.

Is it similar to a micro USB connector?

At first glance, the USB-C connector looks a lot like a micro USB connector. However, the former has a distinct oval shape. Moreover, it is a little bit thicker to accommodate its best feature—like MagSafe and Lightning, the USB-C connector does not have an up or down orientation. You simply have to line the connector correctly, and you wouldn’t have to worry about flipping it to plug it in properly. Another key thing to remember is that the cables have the same connectors on both ends. This means that you would not have a hard time figuring out which end goes where.

Comparing USB-C and USB 3.1

The USB-C connection type’s default protocol is USB 3.1. Theoretically, at 10Gbps, USB 3.1 is twice as fast as USB 3.0. However, the ports for USB 3.1 can still be found in their original, larger shape. Such ports are referred to as ‘USB 3.1 Type-A. Generally, it has become more common to see USB 3.1 ports with USB-C connectors.

How to fix USB-C issues in a Windows 10 computer

Some of the notifications you might encounter when the USB-C connection is not working include the following:

• You might be able to fix your USB device
• Slow USB charger connection
• Display connection might be limited
• PC isn’t charging
• The USB device might not work
• These two devices can’t communicate
• The USB device might not be working properly
• Use a different USB port
• The USB or Thunderbolt device functionality might be limited

Every notification has its solution. Whether you need to fix USB-C compatibility or update your drivers, there’s always something you can do to resolve the issue.

What to do when you see the ‘You might be able to fix your USB device’ error notification

If you see this notification while trying to use a USB-C connection type, there must be something wrong with the device or the drivers on your computer. You can run the troubleshooter for hardware and devices, or you can update your drivers to resolve the problem.

Developed by Auslogics

Auslogics is a certified Microsoft® Silver Application Developer. Microsoft confirms Auslogics' high expertise in developing quality software that meets the growing demands of PC users.

Running the Hardware and Devices troubleshooter

1. On your keyboard, press Windows Key+S.
2. Type “control panel” (no quotes), then hit Enter.
3. Once Control Panel is up, go to the top-right corner of the window and click the View By option.
4. Select Large Icons from the options.
5. Click Troubleshooting.
6. Go to the left-pane menu, then click View All.
7. Select Hardware and Devices.
8. Click Next, then follow the on-screen instructions.

The tool will start to identify issues with your hardware and devices, attempting to repair them.

Using Windows Update to fix the device drivers

1. Right-click the Windows icon on your taskbar.
2. Select Settings from the list.
3. Click Updates & Security.
4. Go to the left-pane menu and select Windows Update.
5. Go to the right pane, then click Check for Updates.
6. Install all the available updates.

Updating your device drivers

It is possible that the device drivers in your computer are corrupted, damaged, or outdated. You can update them to give your unit a fresh set of drivers. There are two ways you can do this—going to the manufacturer’s website or automating the update process, using Auslogics Driver Updater.

It is worth noting that manually updating your drivers can be time-consuming and risky. As we’ve mentioned, you have to search for the compatible drivers on the manufacturer’s website. If you download and install the wrong drivers, you might cause more problems to your computer.

Resolve PC Issues with Driver Updater

Unstable PC performance is often caused by outdated or corrupt drivers. Auslogics Driver Updater diagnoses driver issues and lets you update old drivers all at once or one at a time to get your PC running smoother

DOWNLOAD NOW
On the other hand, when you automate the process with the help of Auslogics Driver Updater, you are avoiding possible PC damage. The best part is, the tool will take care of all problematic drivers—not just the one which caused the USB-C connection type problem. So, you will notice a significant improvement in your PC’s performance and speed.

Finding the error codes for device issues

It is important to know the error code to address problems with your device appropriately. To acquire the error code, simply follow the steps below:

1. Right-click the Windows icon on your taskbar.
2. Select Device Manager from the list.
3. Right-click the problematic device, then select Properties.
4. Go to the Device Status dialog box to see the error code.

How to fix slow USB charger connected

When the ‘slow USB charger connected’ notification shows up, there are various possible reasons behind it. Here are some of them:

• You’re using a charger that is not compatible with your device or computer.
• Your charger’s power is insufficient for your device or computer. It is worth noting that devices with USB-C connectors have larger power limits. So, charging should be faster with greater levels of power, as long as the device supports USB power delivery.
• You have not properly connected the charger to the port on your device or computer.
• The cable’s power capacity is not sufficient for the charger itself, the device, or the computer.
• Your USB port is dusty or dirty, preventing proper insertion of the charger.
• You’ve connected the charger to your device or computer through an external dock or hub.

You can fix this problem by using the charger and cable that came with your device. These peripherals are designed according to industry standards. So, they have the right power capacity to speed up charging. On the other hand, you can also check if your charger is properly connected to the USB-C port on your device or computer. If the port is dusty or dirty, you can use compressed air to clean it.

Note: Systems with available USB-C connectors have higher power limits, and they can support up to 5V, 3A, or 15W.

Resolving the ‘Display connection might be limited’ error notification

There are many reasons why you see this error notification. It is possible that the dongle has new features that the cable, device, or PC do not support. You should also check if you’ve connected the dongle to the correct port or through an external dock or hub. On the other hand, it is possible that the other devices with the USB-C connection are interfering with the dongle.

You should know that a USB-C connector has Alternate Modes which you can use for non-USB connectors. These modes are HDMI, DisplayPort, and MHL. So, you can resolve the ‘Display connection might be limited’ error notification by checking if your PC, cable, and external display support the aforementioned alternate modes. You can also try to check if the dongle or device is directly connected to your computer. If it is yet the problem persists, try using a different cable.

Getting rid of the ‘PC isn’t charging’ error notification

This error notification is possibly caused by the following:

• You’ve used an incompatible charger.
• You’ve used a charger with lower power limits, preventing it from properly charging your device or computer.
• You’ve incorrectly connected the charger to the port on your PC.
• The cable’s power capacity cannot accommodate the charger.
• The USB ports are dusty or dirty, preventing proper insertion of the charger.
• You’ve connected the charger through an external hub or dock.

You can fix USB-C compatibility issues by using the charger and cable that came with your device’s or computer’s packaging. You can also use compressed air to clean the ports, enabling you to insert the dongle correctly.

Ab Drivers Testing

Resolving ‘The USB device might not work’ error

This error notification shows up when the Windows version on your PC does not support the driver for the device you’re trying to connect to the USB-C port. So, the solution to this is to install all the latest updates for your operating system. You can do this by following the instructions below:

1. Click the Search icon on your taskbar.
2. Type “settings” (no quotes), then hit Enter.
3. Select Update & Security.
4. Click Check for Updates.
5. Install the available updates.

How to fix ‘These two devices can’t communicate’ error

You will see this error notification will show up when you are having trouble connecting two devices via USB-C. It is possible that one or both of the devices do not support the USB-C connection type. The workaround here is ensuring that you are connecting two Windows computers.

Resolving the error ‘USB device might not be working properly’

If your computer does not support the device you’re trying to connect via USB-C, you will see this error message. It is also possible that the power on your laptop is limited because you’re sourcing it from your battery. In this case, you can try using a different computer, or you can try plugging your device into an external power source.

What to do when you get a ‘Use a different USB port’ prompt

Driver Charged Ubers Fatal Autonomous

When you get this error notification, it is likely that the USB port does not support Thunderbolt, DisplayPort, or MHL. If this is the case, then you can try using a different port on your PC. It is also possible that the functionality of the USB device had become limited when you connected it to a particular port. You can try plugging it to a different port on your computer to resolve the problem.

Ab Drivers Training

Resolving the error ‘USB or Thunderbolt device functionality might be limited’

The reasons behind this error notification are similar to what caused the limited display connection issues. So, you can resolve this by making sure that your PC and cable support the same USB-C features as the device you’re trying to connect. You also have to make sure that the dongle is directly connected to your computer.

Drivers Charger Abstract

Which connection type do you prefer?

Drivers Charger Abs

Let us know in the comments below!